1、专题四 情态动词和虚拟语气,考向分析 针对情态动词,高考主要考查的是can,should,must,may,could等常用情态动词的用法,其中情态动词表推测的用法是考查的重点。而针对虚拟语气的考查,主要涉及虚拟语气在条件状语从句、名词性从句中的用法,其中虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用是考查的重点。,考点一 情态动词,本专题考点,考点二 虚拟语气,考点清单 考点一 情态动词 一、情态动词的基本用法 单句填空 1.Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案 can 句意
2、:Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩,他可以轻松地够到顶 层搁板上的书。考查情态动词。can意为“可以,能够”,表示能力,符合 语境。 2.My room is a mess, but I neednt clean it before I go out tonight; I can do it in the morning.,语境运用,答案 neednt 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它, 我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示“不必”,所以用neednt。 3.It was really annoying;I couldnt get access to the data bank you
3、 had recommended.,答案 couldnt 句意:真令人恼火,我不能进入你推荐的数据库。根据 It was really annoying可知应用couldnt。 单句改错 4.Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last longer. mustcould 答案 mustcould 此处表示因为“我”更有耐心了,所以“我”能使 “我”的玩具用更长时间了。must表示“必须”;could表示“能”。,情态动词的五个基本用法 1.表能力 表示现在的能力:can, am/is/are a
4、ble to 表示将来的能力:will be able to 表示过去的能力:could表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/ were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money. 如果我能找到钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。,用法精讲,2.表推测 肯定句:can表示客观上的可能;may/might/could表示可能;must表示一 定;should/ought to表示应该,按说应该。 否定句:cant/couldnt表示不可能;m
5、ay not/might not表示可能不;shouldnt/oughtnt to表示应该不会。 疑问句:can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。 Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but they can lead to problems. 信用卡给我们提供了许多方便,但也会带来一些问题。 Will the book I ordered arrive on time? It should, if there is no traffic jam. 我订购的那本书会按时到货吗? 如果交通不阻塞的话,应该会。,3.表请求、建
6、议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止、义务、责任 请求对方允许时用May/Can/Could I.? 提出请求、征求对方意见时用Will/Would you.?或Shall I/he/she/they /we.? should/ought to表示应该,shouldnt/oughtnt to表示不应该。 may/can(可以)表示允许、许可。 must表示必须,mustnt表示禁止。 shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺、威 胁;当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear the sc
7、hool uniform while at school. 我们其中的一项规定是,每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。,4.表必要性 must do sth.表示“必须做某事”。 neednt/dont have to表示“不必”。 You neednt get the machine repaired this week. I wont use it until next month. 这周你不必请人修理这台机器,到下个月我才用它呢。 5.表意愿、决心 will/would可与各种人称连用,表示主语的意愿或决心。通常用于有生 命体,但有时也用于无生命体,这时是把无生命体拟人化了。 Why hasnt
8、 the cook arrived yet today? She just wont come for such a low salary. 为什么今天厨师还没来? 她只是不愿意为这么低的薪水而来。,二、情态动词的特殊用法 单句填空 1.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves, should bring me food.,语境运用,答案 should 句意:让我难过的是,他们自己那么贫穷,竟然还给我带 来食物。本题考查情态动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的 语气,意为“竟然”。 2.I cant thank you too muc
9、h for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 答案 cant 句意:我无论怎样感谢你都不为过。Cant与enough,too much等连用表示“再也不为过”。,1.can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。 2.can/could的否定式与enough或too(much)连用表示“再也不为过”。 3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。 4.may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。 5.would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作, 后者常表示过
10、去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。 6.should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然”。,单句改错 3.Now that youve got a chance, you might so well make full use of it. soas 答案 soas 句意:既然你得到了这个机会,你最好充分利用它。 might as well为常用表达,意为“最好;不妨”,故so改为 as。,用法精讲,三、“情态动词+have done”的用法 单句填空 1.I should have gone (go)to my cousins birthday party last night,bu
11、t I was not available. 答案 have gone 句意:我昨天晚上本应该去我表兄的生日聚会,但是 没有空。这里表示本应该做而没做的事,故答案是have gone。 2.Harry is feeling uncomfortable and he must have drunk too much at the party last night. 答案 must 句意:Harry感觉不舒服,他肯定在昨晚的聚会上喝多了。 根据语境可知,此处是对过去发生事情的肯定推测,故空格处填must。,语境运用,3.Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview
12、again. Oh, its too bad. You should have made full preparations. 答案 should 句意:对不起,妈妈!这次的求职面试我又失败了。 哦,真是太糟糕了。你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done表 示本该做某事,而实际上并未做,符合题意,故空格处填should。 单句改错 4.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he need have expressed it differently. needcould/should 答案 needcould/
13、should 句意:杰里对发表评论不感到后悔,但是他 觉得自己本来可以/本应该用不同的方式表达。根据语境可知,此处为 could/should have done sth.,意为“本来可以/本应该做某事”。,“情态动词+have done”用法一览表,用法精讲,考点二 虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 单句填空 1.If the new safety system had been put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 答案 had been put 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就 不会发生
14、了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,因此if引导 的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语境,可知用被动语态。,语境运用,2.Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I wouldnt have been (be) able to reach her yesterday. 答案 have been 句意:你有Betty的电话号码吗?有,否则,昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,应该用would have done结构,此
15、处要用否定形式。 3.I was wearing a seat belt then; if I hadnt been wearing one, I would have been injured(injure). 答案 have been injured 句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语形式为would have done。主语I与injure为被动关系,故需用被动语态,故答案为 have been injured。,单句改错 4.If you are me,would you talk to him? are
16、were,答案 arewere 根据后面的would可知此处为虚拟语气,表示一种假 设,if条件从句中are要改为were。 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用,语境运用,使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点: 1.错综虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为发生的时 间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now. 如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before,you would be a co
17、llege student now.如果你 以前努力学习的话,你现在就是大学生了。 2.if条件状语从句的省略 在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中有had, should, were时,可省略if,把were, had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。 If I were at school again,I would study harder. Were I at school again,I would study harder. 如果我再次上学的话,我会更加努力地学习。,If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus. Had
18、you come earlier,you would have caught the bus. 如果你来得早些,你就能赶上那辆公共汽车了。 If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。 注意:若省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词 的缩略形式。如:我们可以说Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.但不能说Werent it
19、 for the expense,I would go abroad now. 3.含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句,而 是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。,Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help,.=If it had not been for your help,.=Had it not been for your help,. 没有你的帮助,我们就不能提前完成这项工作。 I was ill that day.Other
20、wise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it. 他打电话告知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。 A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小
21、时,你就能见到那位著名的作家了。,二、 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用,语境运用,1.The old lady insisted that the young man had stolen her wallet and that he (should)be sent (send)to the police station. 答案 (should)be sent 句意:那位老太太坚持说那个年轻男子偷了她 的钱包并坚持要求把他带到警局。本题考查虚拟语气。insist作“坚持 要求”讲时,其宾语从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。 2.We would rather
22、our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 答案 stayed would rather所接的从句应用虚拟语气,从句表示现在或 将来的情况时,从句的谓语动词用动词的过去式,故填stayed。,单句改错 3.Some classmates suggest we can go to the places of interest nearby. canshould或者去掉can 答案 canshould或者去掉can 考查虚拟语气。sugges
23、t表示“建 议”,后面接宾语从句时,从句中谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可 以省略。,1.用于宾语从句中 (1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿 望。其谓语动词的构成为: I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是一只小鸟,能在天空中自由飞翔。 I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天遇见到那个影星了。 此外,If only+句子=How I wish+从句。,用法精讲,If only I were
24、a bird!=How I wish I were a bird!我要是一只鸟该多好啊! If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!我要是看过那 部电影该多好啊! (2)用于表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有 insist,order,command,require,request,demand,advise,suggest,propose,rec- ommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。 He suggested that we(shoul
25、d)start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 They insisted that the boy(should)go with them. 他们坚持要求那个男孩子跟他们一起去。,此类动词记忆小窍门: 一坚持(insist) 二命令(order,command) 三要求(require,request,demand) 四建议(advise,suggest,propose,recommend) 注意:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“坚持说”之意时, suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气。 T
26、he smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上 的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen money. 那个男子坚持说他从没有偷过钱。,(3)在would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示对现在或将来的虚拟;用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。 I would rather they didnt smoke. 我宁愿他们不吸烟。(对现在或将来的虚拟) I would rather I had n
27、ot told him the bad news. 我宁愿我没告诉他那个坏消息。(对过去的虚拟) 2.用于主语从句中 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential+that从句,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。 It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人们建议将会议推迟到下周。,3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在suggestion,
28、proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句 和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。 My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it. 我的意见是在接受它之前我们要仔细考虑。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他的去大连观光的建议。,三、虚拟语气在其他方面的应用 单句填空 1.(2017江西新余
29、一中、宜春一中联考) You might feel as if you were (be) in a fairy tale. 答案 were 句意:你可能感觉好像身处童话之中。本题考查虚拟语 气。此处表示与现在事实相反的情况,故设空处需用一般过去时,be动 词用were。,语境运用,2.It is high time that you considered/should consider (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. 答案 considered/should c
30、onsider 句意:如果你的生活中没有压力,你就会获得很少,现在是你考虑这一点的时候了。本题考查虚拟语气。It is high time+that从句,从句的谓语应为动词的过去式或“should+动词原形”。 3.The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I knew (know)whats going on in my little boys head right now.” 答案 knew if only 意为“要是就好了”,所接句子常用虚拟语 气,根据right now可知,此处表示对现在的虚拟,故空格处填写动词的过 去式knew。,三个
31、特定句式中的虚拟语气,用法精讲,技巧点拨 1.把握时间概念、重视语境信息。主要有三种方法,一是根据主句的已知信息,判断从句的谓语形式;二是根据从句的已知信息,判断主句的谓语形式;三是利用真实推出虚拟,或利用虚拟推出真实。 2.熟悉考点设置,查找句中表示虚拟语气的线索和信号。例如:如果试题中出现if,应仔细研究句意,分辨它引导的是真实条件从句,还是虚拟条件从句,若为虚拟语气,则检查主、从句中的谓语动词是否采用了相应的形式;看到一个句子时,一定要弄明白主句和从句两部分的时间所指,再看谓语动词形式是否与所指时间一致。 3.观察题干中是否出现了表示建议、命令、要求等含义的词并判断其后所接的从句中谓语是否用“should+动词原形”。,4.如果题干中出现部分倒装结构或without, but for等时要判断是否考查 虚拟语气。考生判断考点为虚拟语气后,可以利用“倒推法或还原法” 推出隐含条件,进行答题。 5.关注谓语形式、留意语态正误、注意一词多义,全面把握虚拟语气。,