1、第一部分 选修六 Unit 4.阅读理解A(2016上海) 导 学 号 42492627Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earths changing
2、atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming.But just now how much warmer it will get depends on
3、 how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2To meet this minimum
4、 goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years.Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after
5、a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5 could save them from sinking.0.8This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2 point.0The baseline here is average global temperature before the st
6、art of the industrial age.文章大意：本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并 设立了到2100 年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。1It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that_D_.Athe problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020Bgas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesCthe Paris Agreements is more influ
7、ential than the Kyoto ProtocolDhumans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段三至六句 “Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.In 1997，the Kyoto.stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming.”可知自从 20 世纪早期开始人类就一直在努
8、力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故 D 项正确。2If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100？_D_AThe human population would in crease by one third.BLittle over 50% of all species would still exist.CNations would not need to tighten their emissions targe
9、ts.DThe Agreements minimum goal would not be reached.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段 This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions；可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到 2100 年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段 To meet this minimum goal 可知最小的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放
10、能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目 标。故 D 正确。3If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_B_.A0.8 B1.5C2 D3.5解析：细节理解题。根据第四段 1.5This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a
11、push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5 could save them from sinking.可知，对于那些低海拔的国家来说上升 1.5 度，就可以避免他 们被淹没。故 B 正确。B(2016深圳一调) 导 学 号 42492628An absolute description of the threat hanging over the worlds mammals, reptiles, amphibians (哺乳、爬行、两栖动物) and oth
12、er life forms has been published by the wellknown scientific journal, Nature. A special analysis carried out by the journal indicates that an astonishing 41% of all amphibians on the planet now face extinction while 26% of mammal species and 13% of birds are similarly threatened.Many species are alr
13、eady critically endangered and close to extinction, including the Sumatran elephant, Amur leopard and mountain gorilla.But also in danger of vanishing from the wild, it now appears, are animals that are currently rated as merely being endangered.In each case, the finger of blame points directly at h
14、uman activities.The continuing spread of agriculture is destroying millions of hectares of wild habitats(栖息地) every year, leaving animals without homes, while the introduction of newlycome species, often helped by humans, is also damaging native populations.At the same time, pollution and overfishin
15、g are destroying ocean ecosystems.“Habitat destruction, pollution or overfishing either kills off wild creatures and plants or leaves them badly weakened， ” said Derek Tittensor, an ocean ecologist at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge.“The trouble is that in coming decades, the a
16、dditional threat of worsening climate change will become more and more common and could then kill off these survivors.”The problem, according to Nature, is worsened because of the huge gaps in scientists knowledge about the planets biodiversity.Evaluations of the total number of species of animals a
17、nd plants alive vary from 2 million to 50 million.In addition, evaluations of current rates of species disappearances vary from 500 to 36,000 a year.“That is the real problem we face， ” added Tittensor.“The scale of uncertainty is huge.”In the end, however, the data indicate that the world is headin
18、g cruelly towards a mass extinctionwhich is defined as one involving a loss of 75% of species or more.This could arrive in less than a hundred years or could take a thousand, depending on extinction rates.文章大意：这是一篇科普文。世界著名科学杂志自然作了一个特 别分析，用一些惊人的数据说明世界上一些动植物正面临灭绝，同 时指出，造成灭绝的直接原因是人类的破坏活动。4Whats the mai
19、n idea of the first two paragraphs ？_C_AFigures about some wild animals are astonishing.B “Nature” is the famous journal around the world.CMany endangered species are close to extinction.DSome rare species have appeared around the world.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的 “an astonishing 41% of all amphibians on the
20、 planet now face extinction while 26% of mammal species and 13% of birds are similarly threatened”以及第二段中的 “Many species are already critically endangered and close to extinction”可知，许多动物面临灭绝的困境。故答案 为 C。5The direct reason for the extinction of some species is _B_.Acontinuous appearance of new speciesB
21、destructive activities of human beingsCmore and more homeless animalsDthe great change of ocean ecosystems解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 “In each case, the finger of blame points directly at human activities”可知，在每一种情况下，人类的活动都是 应该直接遭到责备的，也就是 说，人类的活动是一些动物灭绝的直接原因。故答案 为 B。6From paragraph 4 we know that another futur
22、e threat is _C_.Adestruction of habitatsBoverfishing and pollutionCthe worsening climate changeDkilling off wild creatures and plants解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句 “The trouble is that in coming decades, the additional threat of worsening climate change will become more and more common and could then kill of
23、these survivors”可知，不断恶化的气候变化是一个未来威胁。故答案为 C。7What does “This” in the last sentence refer to？_A_Amass extinction Bextinction ratesCextinction time D75% of species or more解析：代词指代题。根据文章最后一段可知，This 指的是上句中的“a mass extinctionwhich is defined as one involving a loss of 75% of species or more”， mass extincti
24、on 意思是“大量消亡，大灭绝” 。故答案为 A。.七选五 导 学 号 42492629根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。321 GREEN!You already know an environmentalists three Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle._1.E_ Here are three things you can do for the Earth Day.Be a real cutupThe next time youre about to throw out the plastic rings that h
25、old a sixpack of soda together, reach for a pair of scissors.As a young turtle, Peanut got stuck in one of those rings.As she grew, the ring stayed put(原地不动), forcing her shell to grow around it.By the time someone found her and cut her free, her shell was permanently deformed(成畸形的) Thanks to her ha
26、rd shell, Peanut is alive and well.She now lives at a nature center in Missouri.But most animals that get caught in sixpack rings die.WHAT YOU CAN DOEasy! _2.C_Hunt for vampires(吸血鬼)You know all those electronic inventions you ve got at home? Even when you switch them off, theyre really still on._3.
27、B_ Anything with a glowing LED off/on light, a remote control, or a clock display is always on.WHAT YOU CAN DOJust pull out the plugs or tap the OFF switch till you really need the electronics._4.A_Matt Damon really cares about clean water.So in February, he announced that he was going on strike aga
28、inst toilets.“Until everybody has access to clean water and sanitation， ” he said.“I will not go to the bathroom！” He was kidding but to make a serious point.Around the world, he said, “780 million people lack access to clean water；2.5 billion people lack access to a toilet. ”WHAT YOU CAN DO_5.F_ Ju
29、st dont waste water.Dont run the water while brushing your teeth.Take shorter showers.AGet water wiseBHow to recognize vampire electronics?CCut the rings apart before you trash them.DUse toilets lessEBut how else can you help.FNo need to go on a toilet strike.GDo things that can help with good livin
30、g conditions.文章大意：本文是说明文。你能 为绿色环保生活做什么？文章告 诉你的 3 件事你一定能做到。解析：1注意前后两句中反复出现的 you，以及下文出 现的 WHAT YOU CAN DO。很明显，文章的中心思想是让“你”能够做到文章中提到的 3 点，因此答案为 E。本题容易错选 G，其在衔接前后两句时并不显得突兀，但其含 义却有失偏颇，提到的仅仅是生活条件，与主题不符，故不选 C。2对比下文中两个 WHAT YOU CAN DO 可知，设空处提出的是具体的解决办法。本题指怎样做才能避免像海龟 Peanut 一样的悲剧，因此答案为 C。3这里用 vampire 比喻那些被忽略
31、的耗电设备，B 切题。4这里缺一个标题，由后面的内容可知，节约用水是中心思想。美国影星 Matt Damon 通过自己的例子告诉大家不要浪费水，因此答案 为 A。5本题干扰项较多，选择正确答案的方法是把握住中心思想。中心思想是节约用水，同时注意后一句中出现的 Just 一词，这里提示与设空处的语 意有一定的转折关系，由此可以 筛选出正确答案为 F。.短文改错 导 学 号 42492630假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号() ，并在其下面写出该加的词。
32、 删除：把多余的词用()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起) 不计分。(2016甘肃省二诊)Recently, smog weather has became more and more serious in parts of China.People forced to wear masks to avoid breathe poisonous air.To settle this problem, the series of measures should be taken.F
33、irst, we should enact(颁布) more strict law on environmental protection to regulate the industrial production and punish those factories what ignore the protection.Second, we should develop environmentallyfriendly products to improve air quality.Besides, people should build up protection awareness to
34、form a habit by using green products or saving energy.In my opinion, if we all act together, their environment will become more better.答案：Recently, smog weather has more and more serious in parts of China.People became become areforced to wear masks to avoid poisonous air.To settle this problem, ser
35、ies of measures breathe breathing the ashould be taken.First, we should enact(颁布) more strict on environmental protection to law lawsregulate the industrial production and punish those factories ignore the what that/whichprotection.Second, we should develop environmentallyfriendly products to improv
36、e air quality.Besides, people should build up protection awareness to form a habit using green by ofproducts saving energy.In my opinion, if we all act together, environment will become or and their ourmore better.more 或 改 为 much文章大意：雾霾天气越来越多，我 们应采取措施，行 动起来。1命题立意：考查时态。解析：becamebecome become 的过去分词形式是
37、原形。2命题立意：考查被动语态。解析：forced 前加 are people 是 force 的动作承受者，故 forced 前加 are。3命题立意：考查非谓语动词。解析：breathe breathing avoid 避免，后跟 ving 形式作宾语 ，故 breathe breathing。4命题立意：考查冠词。解析：thea a series of 一系列。故 thea 。5命题立意：考查名词。解析：lawlaws law 是可数名 词，无限定词， 应用复数形式。故 lawlaws。6命题立意：考查定语从句。解析：whatthat/which what 不引导定语从句，定 语从句中缺
38、少主 语，先行 词为factories，故 whatthat/which。7命题立意：考查介词用法。解析：byof form a habit of 养成一种的习惯，故 byof。8命题立意：考查连词。解析：orand or 前后是并列关系，不是选择关系。故 orand。9命题立意：考查代词。解析：their our 根据从句的主语是 we，应用 our 作 environment 的限定词。故 their our。10命题立意：考查副词。解析：去掉 more 或 moremuch 根据 more 本身是比较级 ，可与多音节词一起构成比较级，但不可修饰比较级。故去掉 more 或 moremuch。